99% of calcium is kept in
bones and teeth. It is also present in body fluids.
Fluorine is also present in bones and teeth.
Iodine is important for synthesis of thyroid hormones Triiodothyronine and thyroxine. 80% of iodide is absorbed and remains in the thyroid gland. Not enough iodine can cause thyroid glands to hypertrophie; making the thyroid gland a lot bigger.
Iron is part of haemoglobin, myoglobin, and a lot of enzymes in the body. Heme iron is in a lot of animal products and is absorbed a lot better than nonheme iron, that is over 85% of iron in a normal diet. Absorption of nonheme iron becomes higher when it is consumed with animal protein and Vitamin C.
Magnesium is important in synthesis of protein, and helps enzymes work. Manganese is needed for bone structure that is healthy and is part of enzyme systems.
Molybdenum is part of coenzyme for xanthine oxidase activity, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase. Sulfite oxidase catalyses the change of sulfite to sulphate, essential in the metabolism of sulfur consisting amino acids e.g. cysteine.
Selenium (Se) is involved with working with vitamin E.
Zinc (Zn) is in hair, bones, liver, teeth, testes and leukocytes. It is part of a number of hundred enzymes e.g. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenases, DNA transcription, DNA and RNA polymerases and carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphate, superoxide dismutase.
Biotin (B7) is a coenzyme for carboxylation reactions needed metabolise carbohydrate and fat. Folic Acid (B9) is needed in red blood cells and synthesis of pyrimidines and purines essential in development of the fetal nervous system. Prior to conception and first trimester in pregnancy stops particular spinal cord and brain defects. It is absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum.
Niacin (B3) is essential for coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions needed in cell metabolism.
Pantothenic acid (B5) is required for creation of coenzyme – A (CoA) and is essential for fats, carbohydrates and protein synthesis and metabolism.
Riboflavin (B2) is part of metabolism of carbohydrates and is needed for coenzyme in a lot of oxidation-reduction reactions.
Thiamin (B1) is part of metabolism of amino acid, fat, carbohydrate, glucose.
Vitamin A is needed in the creation of rhodopsin for the retina. The liver keeps 90% of the vitamin A in the body. Vitamin A is used by releasing it into the circulation connected to prealbumin and retinol connecting protein.
Vitamin (B12) are compounds that involve nucleic acid metabolism, myelin repair and synthesis and methyl transfer. B12 is let out in the stomach acid and is connected to R protein. Pancreatic enzymes connect the B12-R protein complex in the small intestine. Secretion occurs by the pancreatic cells in gastric mucosa, connecting to B12. Absorption of B12 occurs in the ileum. B6 is metabolised in the body by pyridoxal phosphate, which works as a coenzyme in a lot of reactions in blood, skin metabolism and central nervous system. It is needed in biosynthesis of nucleic acid and heme, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Vitamin C allows absorption of iron, creates amino acids, collagen, hormones and carnitine. Vitamin D is split in to D2 and D3. D3 is synthesised by the skin in exposure to sunlight. It is a prohormone and metabolises hormones. D3 is metabolised in the liver and changed in the kidneys. Vitamin E are antioxidants, stopping lipid peroxidation of polysaturated fatty acids in cellular membranes. Vitamin K dietary fat improves absorption. It is synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract (Pinchas, 2006).
Fluorine is also present in bones and teeth.
Iodine is important for synthesis of thyroid hormones Triiodothyronine and thyroxine. 80% of iodide is absorbed and remains in the thyroid gland. Not enough iodine can cause thyroid glands to hypertrophie; making the thyroid gland a lot bigger.
Iron is part of haemoglobin, myoglobin, and a lot of enzymes in the body. Heme iron is in a lot of animal products and is absorbed a lot better than nonheme iron, that is over 85% of iron in a normal diet. Absorption of nonheme iron becomes higher when it is consumed with animal protein and Vitamin C.
Magnesium is important in synthesis of protein, and helps enzymes work. Manganese is needed for bone structure that is healthy and is part of enzyme systems.
Molybdenum is part of coenzyme for xanthine oxidase activity, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase. Sulfite oxidase catalyses the change of sulfite to sulphate, essential in the metabolism of sulfur consisting amino acids e.g. cysteine.
Selenium (Se) is involved with working with vitamin E.
Zinc (Zn) is in hair, bones, liver, teeth, testes and leukocytes. It is part of a number of hundred enzymes e.g. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenases, DNA transcription, DNA and RNA polymerases and carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphate, superoxide dismutase.
Biotin (B7) is a coenzyme for carboxylation reactions needed metabolise carbohydrate and fat. Folic Acid (B9) is needed in red blood cells and synthesis of pyrimidines and purines essential in development of the fetal nervous system. Prior to conception and first trimester in pregnancy stops particular spinal cord and brain defects. It is absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum.
Niacin (B3) is essential for coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions needed in cell metabolism.
Pantothenic acid (B5) is required for creation of coenzyme – A (CoA) and is essential for fats, carbohydrates and protein synthesis and metabolism.
Riboflavin (B2) is part of metabolism of carbohydrates and is needed for coenzyme in a lot of oxidation-reduction reactions.
Thiamin (B1) is part of metabolism of amino acid, fat, carbohydrate, glucose.
Vitamin A is needed in the creation of rhodopsin for the retina. The liver keeps 90% of the vitamin A in the body. Vitamin A is used by releasing it into the circulation connected to prealbumin and retinol connecting protein.
Vitamin (B12) are compounds that involve nucleic acid metabolism, myelin repair and synthesis and methyl transfer. B12 is let out in the stomach acid and is connected to R protein. Pancreatic enzymes connect the B12-R protein complex in the small intestine. Secretion occurs by the pancreatic cells in gastric mucosa, connecting to B12. Absorption of B12 occurs in the ileum. B6 is metabolised in the body by pyridoxal phosphate, which works as a coenzyme in a lot of reactions in blood, skin metabolism and central nervous system. It is needed in biosynthesis of nucleic acid and heme, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Vitamin C allows absorption of iron, creates amino acids, collagen, hormones and carnitine. Vitamin D is split in to D2 and D3. D3 is synthesised by the skin in exposure to sunlight. It is a prohormone and metabolises hormones. D3 is metabolised in the liver and changed in the kidneys. Vitamin E are antioxidants, stopping lipid peroxidation of polysaturated fatty acids in cellular membranes. Vitamin K dietary fat improves absorption. It is synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract (Pinchas, 2006).