Arthritis is an abnormal alteration in the joints. These
alterations happen when the cartilage is worn away quicker than it can be
replaced. The cartilage works to cushion and look after the bones. Once it is
worn joints will be painful and swollen. The age of the dog causes the
cartilage to not be as strong as well as the breed larger dogs that are unable
to move as quick. Too much weight on the dog causes more stress on cartilage
and joints therefore get arthritis. To try and prevent them getting arthritis
you need to make sure the dog is getting the correct nutrition; so they are
having a lower in fat diet especially in older dogs because they do not need
the extra fat because they are not as mobile.
Dental disease in dogs is very common. Signs are sore mouth, dribbling, bad breath, struggling to eat, loosing teeth. This can be prevented by brushing their teeth as well as the diet they are fed being changed. So a dry dog food instead of a wet dog food can delay tooth decay.
Developmental growth disorders can occur in dogs that are not being fed the correct diet. This causes the dog to have abnormal posture, muscle wasting, hip dysplasia, bowed legs, severe obesity, painful joints, walking difficulty. The correct nutrition is the best way to prevent puppies getting this. Large puppies are more at risk of this.
Diabetes occurs in dogs when glucose is not being used correctly and is not able to control sugar level in the blood. The signs are weight loos, cataracts, increased thirst, tired, not eating. This can be avoided by the dog not being overweight so providing a balanced diet of all the nutrients is the best way to prevent. By using commercial dog food for their life stage and following the guidelines on the packet should avoid this.
Food allergies can be maintained by removing the ingredients from the food that they are allergic to and have a balanced diet. When the dog is allergic to some meats change the type of meat you give them.
Gastrointestinal disorders affect their stomach and intestines. The dog may have reduced digestion or absorption of food. To try and control this problem feed the dog a highly palatable and digestible diet to prevent irritation to their sensitive stomach. Giving the dog highly soluble and insoluble fibre foods mixed with moderate fat intake will help the intestine to work correctly.
Heart disease in dogs is very common when they are overweight. When a dog has heart disease you need to feed them a low sodium diet because this cuts down the fluid build-up in the heart helping it work correctly (Schenck, 2011).
Metabolic bone disease in reptiles is a disease that occurs from not being able to metabolise calcium correctly. It has a really impact on bones in their body. Metabolic bone disease can be osteoporosis; the bones become thinner, fractures and brittle. Osteomalacia; bones become softer. Rickets; the long bones in young animals become softer. Fibrous osteodydtrophy; the bones become softer and more connective tissue is produced, causing problems with their jaw. Secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism; is low levels of calcium in the blood causing an increased amount of parathyroid hormone being created, that takes away calcium from the bone.
Calcium and phosphorus make up bones. In a correct diet calcium to phosphorus ratio should be 1:1 to 2:1. As well as a good amount of Vitamin D3 is needed to absorb and utilise calcium effectively. It can be because of low levels of calcium in the diet, high levels of phosphorus in the diet, low levels of Vitamin D3 in the diet, not absorbing calcium correctly because of certain substances in the diet. By giving good amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the diet and protein should stop reptiles getting metabolic bone disease (Ives, 2011).
Cows can get milk fever when they are near to calving. It is a metabolic disease as a result of low blood calcium levels; known as hypocalcaemia. You can tell a cow has got it when they getting agitated and the muscles start to tremor in their limbs and head. Along with them staggering and trying to sit all of the time. Drowsiness, constipation and eyes starring and body temperature is low are other signs. It happens the majority of the time because of calving where the milk and colostrum drain calcium from the blood, and certain cows are not capable of replacing the calcium fast enough. Cows that high at producing more commonly get it due to the blood calcium level being a lot higher. Older cows more commonly get it as well because they are creating more milk and are not able to replace the blood calcium fast enough. If you feed dry cows for the 2 weeks prior to calving it will avoid them getting it because calcium is able to be replaced in the blood a lot faster.
Dyspnea can occur in cattle when they are not getting nutritious pasture. They can also get fatty liver disease when they are late lactating when they are overfed and in dry periods when not being fed enough. Laminitis is also common in cattle that have diets high concentrations of non-fibre carbohydrates (Haskell, 2011).
Malnutrition in reptiles can be because they will not feed. To get over this dilemma you will need to force feed them. It can cause a number of problems such as loss of tissue, sunken appearance, and noticeable bones. Protein deficiencies causes’ weight loss, higher chance of infection, muscle wasting, unable to reproduce, not healing wounds as quick. Fibre is needed for their digestive tract to work correctly. Atherosclerosis can occur when fatty materials are deposited on the walls of arteries and become thick, hard, and will block the arteries. This can be controlled by regulating cholesterol and considering diet all the time in captive reptiles.
Dental disease in dogs is very common. Signs are sore mouth, dribbling, bad breath, struggling to eat, loosing teeth. This can be prevented by brushing their teeth as well as the diet they are fed being changed. So a dry dog food instead of a wet dog food can delay tooth decay.
Developmental growth disorders can occur in dogs that are not being fed the correct diet. This causes the dog to have abnormal posture, muscle wasting, hip dysplasia, bowed legs, severe obesity, painful joints, walking difficulty. The correct nutrition is the best way to prevent puppies getting this. Large puppies are more at risk of this.
Diabetes occurs in dogs when glucose is not being used correctly and is not able to control sugar level in the blood. The signs are weight loos, cataracts, increased thirst, tired, not eating. This can be avoided by the dog not being overweight so providing a balanced diet of all the nutrients is the best way to prevent. By using commercial dog food for their life stage and following the guidelines on the packet should avoid this.
Food allergies can be maintained by removing the ingredients from the food that they are allergic to and have a balanced diet. When the dog is allergic to some meats change the type of meat you give them.
Gastrointestinal disorders affect their stomach and intestines. The dog may have reduced digestion or absorption of food. To try and control this problem feed the dog a highly palatable and digestible diet to prevent irritation to their sensitive stomach. Giving the dog highly soluble and insoluble fibre foods mixed with moderate fat intake will help the intestine to work correctly.
Heart disease in dogs is very common when they are overweight. When a dog has heart disease you need to feed them a low sodium diet because this cuts down the fluid build-up in the heart helping it work correctly (Schenck, 2011).
Metabolic bone disease in reptiles is a disease that occurs from not being able to metabolise calcium correctly. It has a really impact on bones in their body. Metabolic bone disease can be osteoporosis; the bones become thinner, fractures and brittle. Osteomalacia; bones become softer. Rickets; the long bones in young animals become softer. Fibrous osteodydtrophy; the bones become softer and more connective tissue is produced, causing problems with their jaw. Secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism; is low levels of calcium in the blood causing an increased amount of parathyroid hormone being created, that takes away calcium from the bone.
Calcium and phosphorus make up bones. In a correct diet calcium to phosphorus ratio should be 1:1 to 2:1. As well as a good amount of Vitamin D3 is needed to absorb and utilise calcium effectively. It can be because of low levels of calcium in the diet, high levels of phosphorus in the diet, low levels of Vitamin D3 in the diet, not absorbing calcium correctly because of certain substances in the diet. By giving good amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the diet and protein should stop reptiles getting metabolic bone disease (Ives, 2011).
Cows can get milk fever when they are near to calving. It is a metabolic disease as a result of low blood calcium levels; known as hypocalcaemia. You can tell a cow has got it when they getting agitated and the muscles start to tremor in their limbs and head. Along with them staggering and trying to sit all of the time. Drowsiness, constipation and eyes starring and body temperature is low are other signs. It happens the majority of the time because of calving where the milk and colostrum drain calcium from the blood, and certain cows are not capable of replacing the calcium fast enough. Cows that high at producing more commonly get it due to the blood calcium level being a lot higher. Older cows more commonly get it as well because they are creating more milk and are not able to replace the blood calcium fast enough. If you feed dry cows for the 2 weeks prior to calving it will avoid them getting it because calcium is able to be replaced in the blood a lot faster.
Dyspnea can occur in cattle when they are not getting nutritious pasture. They can also get fatty liver disease when they are late lactating when they are overfed and in dry periods when not being fed enough. Laminitis is also common in cattle that have diets high concentrations of non-fibre carbohydrates (Haskell, 2011).
Malnutrition in reptiles can be because they will not feed. To get over this dilemma you will need to force feed them. It can cause a number of problems such as loss of tissue, sunken appearance, and noticeable bones. Protein deficiencies causes’ weight loss, higher chance of infection, muscle wasting, unable to reproduce, not healing wounds as quick. Fibre is needed for their digestive tract to work correctly. Atherosclerosis can occur when fatty materials are deposited on the walls of arteries and become thick, hard, and will block the arteries. This can be controlled by regulating cholesterol and considering diet all the time in captive reptiles.